What does surface warfare primarily focus on in naval operations?

Surface warfare primarily focuses on operations conducted on the ocean surface, which encompasses a wide range of naval activities including naval gunfire support, anti-surface warfare, air defense, and naval blockade tactics. It is concerned with the combat capabilities and operational tactics of naval vessels such as destroyers, frigates, and aircraft carriers that operate on or near the water's surface. This branch of warfare emphasizes the protection of maritime interests and the engagement of surface threats, making it a critical aspect of naval strategy and operations.

The other options reflect important components of military operations but do not specifically align with the central focus of surface warfare. Joint operations with ground forces are about coordinating efforts between the navy and army units, which is more about joint tactical strategies rather than surface-focused engagements. Underwater combat pertains to submarine operations and anti-submarine warfare, distinct from surface engagement. Humanitarian missions, while significant for naval forces, do not represent the primary focus of surface warfare, which is concerned with combat and tactical operations above the water.